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The Abyssinia Crisis was a crisis during the interwar period originating from the Walwal incident. This incident resulted from the ongoing conflict between the Kingdom of Italy (''Regno d'Italia'') and the Empire of Ethiopia (then commonly known as "Abyssinia" in Europe). Its effects were to undermine the credibility of the League of Nations and to encourage Fascist Italy to ally itself with Nazi Germany. The crisis brought an end to peace in Europe and it was clear by 1937 there were two defining sides on the continent. ==Background== Both Italy and Abyssinia were members of the League of Nations (founded in June 1919 at the Paris Peace Conference). Italy was a founding member of the league. Abyssinia joined on September 28, 1923, seven years after Ras Tafarai Makonnen was appointed the head of state as HIM Haile Selassie I .〔Haile Sellassie I was appointed Ras Tafarai Makonnen on 17 Maskaram 1909, and 28 September 1923 is 17 Maskaram 1916.〕 Article X of the league's rules explicitly forbade aggression among its members. On August 6, 1928, in addition to abiding by Article X, Italy and Ethiopia signed the Italo–Ethiopian Treaty of Friendship. This treaty declared a 20-year friendship between the two nations. On August 27 of the same year, both Italy and Ethiopia signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact, an international treaty "providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy". Italy pursued a policy of provocation and preparation for invasion in Ethiopia, described as follows by the League of Nations: At places where there is not a single Italian national, a consul establishes himself in an area known as consular territory with a guard of about ninety men, for whom he claims jurisdictional immunity. This is an obvious abuse of consular privileges. The abuse is all the greater that the consul's duties, apart from the supplying of information of a military character, take the form of assembling stocks of arms, which constitute a threat to the peace of the country, whether from the internal or the international point of view.〔''League of Nations Official Journal'', 1935, 1601. Quoted G.T.Garratt, ''Mussolini's Roman Empire'', Penguin Books, April 1938, pp.46-47〕 In 1930, Italy built a fort at Walwal, an oasis in the Ogaden. The fort was in a boundary zone between the nations, which was not well defined; today it is about 130 km inside Ethiopia. On September 29, 1934, Italy and Abyssinia released a joint statement renouncing any aggression against each other. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abyssinia Crisis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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